SYNTHESIS OF TWO NEW HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
Hydrazone derivatives constitute a versatile class of organic compounds with significant implications in medicinal chemistry with diverse biological and pharmacological properties. They are characterized by the presence of a functional group (-NHN=C) formed by the reaction between a hydrazine and a carbonyl compound, resulting in a carbon-nitrogen double bond. This research aims to carry out the synthesis and anti-bacterial study of two hydrazone derivatives. The hydrazones [L3 ((E)-1-(1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethylidene)-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine) and L4 ((E)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-2-(1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine)] were synthesized using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The reaction’s progress was monitored using a TLC plate, and the purity of the synthesized compounds was verified using the melting point. UV, FT-IR and 1D NMR were used to characterize the synthesized hydrazones. The two synthesized hydrazones were subjected to antibacterial assessment for in-vitro test evaluation using agar diffusion and tube dilution technique. The organisms used were standard isolates and includes two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) bacteria. The synthesized hydrazones (L3 and L4) were obtained in good yields of 79.50 and 75.40% w/w respectively. The spectra data (FT-IR, UV and 1D NMR) were as expected of the synthesized compounds. Compounds L3 and L4 were found to be active against all the tested organisms with a maximum range of 18 mm zone of inhibition as compared with ciprofloxacin which has 16-39 mm zones of inhibition across the test organisms. The MIC values vary with 25 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella Typhi, and 50 mg/mL for Escherichia coli. Compound L3 showed MBC values that were consistently high (100 mg/mL) across all tested organisms. Compound L4 have MBC value of 50 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, and 100 mg/mL against Salmonella Typhi. In conclusion, the two compounds demonstrated promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Hydrazones, Spectra property, Synthesis
*Correspondence: hlukmanali@gmail.com, +2348167625707
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