Author Guidelines
NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
(ISSN-0794-0378)
TEMPLATE AND SAMPLE OF ARTICLE
(Authors who do not adhere to this format (including punctuations) would have their manuscripts not accepted).
Manuscripts should be clearly typed in English using Times New Roman font size 12, double line spaced on A4 format with 2.5 cm (1 inch) on all margins and NOT more than 15 pages; additional pages attract N500 per page. Authors are advised to follow the case format of headings and subheadings.
- Font Family: Times New Roman
- Font Size: 12
- Line Spacing: Double
- Page Format: A4 with 1-inch margin
- ABSENCE OF PAGE BREAK AND SHOULD BE IN A SINGLE COLUMN FORMAT
Title uppercase (scientific names should be italicized)
CURRENT STATUS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN ZARIA,
NIGERIA
Names and addresses of Authors (surname first followed by initials which should be bolded and in uppercase; no gap/space between initials)
GADA, A.S.1, HASSAN, B.D.1*, JAMES, A.A.2 AND EMEKE, C.H.3
1Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
3Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: Email: hassan32@gmail.com, Phone: 0806…5676
ABTRACT
Abstract should clearly state: Purpose, principal methodologies, key findings and conclusion (abstract should be written under these subheadings; no reference citations).
Keywords: 4-6 keywords alphabetically arranged e.g. Age, gender, prevalence, pupils, taeniasis
INTRODUCTION
No sub-headings
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Format for subtitles as shown below
Study area
The study area consisted of……………..
Ethical clearance
Ethical clearance was obtained from …….
Sample collection
Faecal samples were collected from……..
Etc
RESULTS
DISCUSSION (or RESULTS AND DISCUSSION)
CONCLUSION
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Authors names in uppercase, titles of journals in full and italicized; volume number bolded (also
Note, the case formats for journals, books, theses/dissertations titles and punctuations as shown in
Table below).
- A) Text Format
Reference numbers are placed in square brackets and conservatively arranged from [1]; make use of current references.
For example: Teaniasis is a disease ……..[1]. In Nigeria, the disease is known as………[2, 3] and is widely prevalent in………. [4, 5, 6], where it affects………..…….[7-10]. According to Mustapha et al. [11], taenasisi is highly prevalent in pigs in most parts of ……. This situation has not changed significantly based on the recent report of Adamu [12].
- B) Reference List Citation Format
Note that names of authors are in uppercase; titles of journal in full and italicized; volume number bolded
|
Material |
Reference list format |
|
Journal |
PETER, A.S., NOMA, A.S. & GARBA, S. (2007). Mapping, monitoring and surveillance of neglected tropical diseases. International Journal of Tropical Parasitology, 23(4): 10-14. |
|
Book |
GALADIMA, J.M. (1999). Introductory Parasitology. Ahmadu Bello University Press, Zaria, Nigeria, 178 pp. |
|
Chapter in a book |
ADAMS, S. (2002). Worm burden of pre-school children in Zaria. In: A.A. Banki (Ed.). Common Diseases of Children in Nigeria. Universal Press, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 23-37. |
|
Thesis/Dissertation |
NOBLE, M.N.A. (2011). Changes in rainfall pattern in Zamfara state, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 210 pp. |
|
Conference paper etc |
NAMDI, A.D.S. & DOGO, A.M. (2013). Trypanosome transmission potential of Glossina species in the Kainji National Park. Paper/poster presented at the 20thNational Conference of the Nigerian Society for Tropical Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 11-14th May, 2013, Book of Abstract, p. 15 |
|
Online |
Where the reference material has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) assigned, use it solely or in conjunction to the reference information provided. |
Note: Reference numbers on the reference list should not be in bracket and be arranged conservatively as they are cited in text; second and subsequent word lines should be indented.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Titles of illustrations should not be boxed to allow for editing purpose.
Tables: This should consist of three horizontal lines (see below) using appropriate Table style format selected from the design task bar on your system (do not draw table, use appropriate table format) and should be titled as follows:
Table 4: Prevalence of plasmodiasis in parts of Lagos State, Nigeria
Figures: Figures/Graphs should preferably be drawn using appropriate computer software. These should be constructed in such a manner that they can be understood without reading the text. Appropriate symbols should be used on graphs and explained in the legends. Graphs should not duplicate results presented in the Tables. Figures should be numbered in Arabic numerals e.g.:
Figure 6: Monthly variations of rainfall in north central Nigeria.
Plates (photographs): Theses should be produced in colour or black and white. Title and comments of the figures and photographs should be provided using MS word. Plates should be numbered in Roman numerals as follows
Plate IV: Typical embryonated eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides
Symbols and Units: Symbols, units and nomenclature should conform to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUP AC). SI units should be used for physical quantities.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ABRIDGED SAMPLE OF A SUBMITTED ARTICLE IS SHOWN BELOW:
THE PREVALENCE OF AND THE RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYST INFECTIONS IN CATTLE FROM SELECTED FARMS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
UGWOKE, E.V.1*, NOCK, I.H.1, LUKA, S.A.1 AND UMOH, J.U.2
1Department of Zoology, 2Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A study was carried out in selected farms in Kaduna State Nigeria, to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocyst in cattle. These findings suggest that cattle may be potential reservoirs of Cryptosporidium species with public health implications. (Abstract abridged).
Keywords: Diarrhoea, farm, parasite, reservoir.
*Correspondence: evugwoke4life@gmail.com; phone number
INTRODUCTION
Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa [1, 2]. The protozoa have a worldwide distribution [3] and survives in most environments due to its tough walled oocyst [4]. More than 150 mammalian hosts have been reported to be infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts in faecal specimens [5]. This microscopic pathogen causes the disease called cryptosporidiosis, which is a clinical disease in both humans and animals [6, 7]. It is ………….
In Nigeria, Ayinmode and Fagbemi [8] reported a prevalence of 23.40% in cattle from south western Nigeria using the acid fast-stained faecal smears. The ……. arises the need for investigation; with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocyst from selected farms in Kaduna State in relation to the risk factors. (abridged).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area and sites
Kaduna State lies between 10° 20ꞌN and 10° 33ꞌN and 7° 45ꞌE-7° 75ꞌE. It occupies a land mass of about 45,567 km2. [13]. Two climatic ……(abridged).
Study design
A cross sectional study was conducted in 2 seasons of the year (abridged). Sample collection and analysis A simple random sampling design was applied to collect each faecal sample from each rectum. About 3 g [14] of faecal (abridged).
Data analysis
Prevalence was calculated as percentages of positive cases over………... (abridged).
RESULTS
Plate I shows the photomicrograph of Cryptosporidium oocyst (arrowed). Table 1 shows the……(abridged).
Plate I: Photomicrograph of Cryptosporidium oocyst from a faecal sample of cattle (x400)
Table 1: Prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocyst in the faeces of cattle with respect to Local Government Areas
|
LGA |
LGA Number examined |
Number positive |
Prevalence (%) |
Chi square |
P- value |
|
Sabon Gari |
94 |
47 |
50.00 |
76.08 |
0.00 |
|
Soba |
41 |
14. |
34.15 |
|
|
|
Zaria |
Zaria 10 |
3 |
30.00 |
|
|
|
Chikun |
76 |
26 |
34.21 |
|
|
|
Giwa |
38 |
5. |
13.16 |
|
|
|
Igabi |
31 |
19. |
61.30 |
|
|
|
Kaduna South |
28 |
21 75. |
75.00 |
|
|
|
Kachia |
145 |
34. |
23.45 |
|
|
|
Total |
463 |
169 |
36.50 |
|
|
DISCUSSION
The prevalence of 36.50% of Cryptosporidium recorded is an indication that cattle are reservoirs of this parasite in the study area. The highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium in cattle in Kaduna South Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State may be attributed ……….. (abridged).
CONCLUSION
The study shows …….. (abridged).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Special thanks go to the Department of Veterinary….. (abridged).
REFERENCES
- CACCIO, E., THOMPSON, R.C. & MCLAUCHLIN, J. (2005). Unraveling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology. Trends in Parasitology, 21: 430-437.
- XIAO, L. & RYAN, U.M. (2008). Molecular Epidemiology. In: FAYER, R. and XIAO, L. (Eds.). Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, (2nd Ed), CRC Press and IWA Publishing, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 119-163.
- CACCIO, E. & POZIO, A. (2006). Advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of cryptosporidiosis: Review. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 4(3): 429.
- SAMUELSON, J., BUSKIN, G.G. & ROBBINS, P.W. (2013). Strategies to discover then structural components of cyst and oocyst walls. Euckaryot Cell, 12(12): 1578-1587
(abridged)