CONSEQUENCES OF DELAYED FIRST ACTIVE MEAL, A BREAKFAST SKIPPING MODEL ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER-4 IN FEMALE VERSUS MALE WISTAR RATS
Breakfast skipping has been linked to low energy and inadequate nutrition. The metabolic responses in the female versus male are yet to be understood. This study examined how the female versus male metabolomes respond to breakfast skipping. The animals were divided into four groups (n=10, Wistar rats): female rats who ate all three meals (ControlF), female rats who skipped the first active-phase meal (NFAMF), male rats who ate all three meals (ControlM), and male rats who skipped the first active-phase meal (NFAMM). All animals were fed the same amount of food daily for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, ghrelin, lipid variables, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, liver and muscle GLUT4, and glycogen were assayed. There was a significant increase in the serum insulin, HbA1c, ghrelin, LDL, MDA levels, and liver GLUT4, of female rats when compared to male rats. There was a significant increase in the liver and muscle glycogen, as well as muscle GLUT4 in the NFAMF rats when compared to the NFAMM rats. These results indicate that breakfast skip had a greater effect on female metabolism than males.
Keywords: Breakfast skipping, female rats, insulin, lipid peroxidation, male rats,
*Correspondence: ooyelowo@unilag.edu.ng
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